One of the most profound ritual aspects of Kerala temples is Paani Vadanam, a form of percussion not merely viewed as artistic performance, but as sacred offering (upachara). Instruments such as the Thimila and Maram are played as part of Tantric rites, aligning sound with the metaphysical principles of Nada

Introduction The temple arts of Kerala represent a unique confluence of aesthetics, ritual, mythology, and spirituality. Among the most visually and symbolically rich traditions is Kalamezhuthu Pattu—a ritualistic floor drawing accompanied by devotional music and performance. This paper offers a structured academic overview of Kalamezhuthu Pattu, examining its historical origins,

Introduction Kerala, the land of lush greenery and ancient traditions, has a rich cultural legacy deeply entwined with its temples. Among its most remarkable contributions to Indian heritage are the temple arts, which are not merely performances but sacred expressions of devotion, rhythm, and spiritual aesthetics. These art forms evolved